Airlines are facing major challenges at a time when air transport has become a globalised economic activity. Indeed, the new challenges of airlines remain closely linked to the improvement of air safety, which occupies a primary place in the strategies of companies. It is clear that air transport continues to grow. The aeroplane has become a means of travel that is increasingly used. This is evidenced by the number of passengers expected to double in the next two decades, to reach nearly 6 billion travellers. Added to this is the increasing number of scheduled flights, as well as the impressive volume of orders from manufacturers, as recalled by Najib Boulif, Minister Delegate for Transport. The challenges of air transport are also felt at the level of low-cost airlines, which are increasingly numerous, especially in the era of open sky. In the same vein, the CEO of RAM, Driss Benhima, wanted to highlight the impact of the liberalisation of air transport on the development of companies. Admittedly, liberalisation has strongly led to the democratisation of air transport, but it has not made everyone happy. For some companies that have not taken the lead, Open Sky carries deadly threats. Indeed, the growth of air transport, the sustainable development of companies, as well as the effects of the liberalisation of the sector, are all challenges that airlines must face. A question therefore arises: how to take advantage of air liberalisation, while guaranteeing a sustainable and serene development of air transport operators? To get out of this dilemma, the boss of RAM recommends combining the opportunities offered by liberalisation with the development of national airlines. Added to this is the development of community air transport within large sub-regional groups, particularly in Africa. Aware of these challenges, RAM has conducted, since the 2000s, a reflection on its Open Sky strategy. This was crowned by the signing, in 2004, of an Open Sky agreement with the USA and in 2006 with the EU. As for the results, they were described as positive by the Minister Delegate for Transport. Today, he specifies, some 44 airlines serve the national territory, with nearly 1,700 weekly flights. To accompany this dynamic, Morocco has set out to make the aeronautical industry one of the pillars of its industrialisation plan. The qualification of human capital is at the heart of the plan. This is how several dedicated training institutes have seen the light of day. Tribute to the former president of the ATAF. Created in 1950, the ATAF is an association essentially representing 13 French-speaking airlines, airport management companies, and operators representing sectors complementary to air transport, from countries in Europe, the Middle East, the Indian Ocean, and Africa. The association's main mission is the promotion of cooperation between French-speaking airlines and the development of air transport in the French-speaking zone through the dynamisation of the assets of member companies, the strengthening of solidarity within the framework of the Francophonie, and the encouragement of the establishment of a fruitful dialogue between member companies as well as with their respective supervisory authorities. The 121st general assembly, held last weekend in Rabat, was thus a propitious occasion to discuss the challenges facing French-speaking airlines. It was also an occasion to pay tribute to those who have contributed to the rise of the ATAF. The gala dinner organised last Saturday in honour of the participating speakers was marked by the strong tribute paid by Driss Benhima to Jean-Cyril Spinetta, former CEO of the Air France/KLM Group, who chaired the ATAF for 16 years.