Fighting against animal diseases in the province of Smara, such is the objective of the agreement recently signed between the regional directorate for the Southern provinces of the National Office for Food Safety (ONSSA) and the Association of Goat and Sheep Breeders in Smara. Livestock farming constitutes one of the most dominant activities in the province of Smara and, faced with the various changes that the development of this sector has experienced over the years, the health security of the livestock has always constituted a major concern for veterinary services, given the economic and hygienic importance of animal diseases. It is in this sense that the agreement was signed between ONSSA and the Association of Goat and Sheep Breeders in Smara, which defines the conditions of partnership between these two parties. Thus, ONSSA undertakes to ensure continuous health monitoring of the livestock, and early detection of any animal disease having an impact on animal production, the control and eradication of the main contagious animal diseases or those having a considerable economic impact, and this notably through awareness campaigns, and regular field interventions. For its part, the association undertakes to deploy more efforts to get all the breeders in the province to adhere to the various actions initiated by the mobile teams of ONSSA, notably vaccination campaigns in remote areas of Smara. These teams will also benefit from the knowledge of the region by these breeders. Various meetings will be organised for the benefit of the latter to acquire a maximum of experience and teaching that can help them improve ancestral breeding methods. This partnership is not the result of chance; animal health represents an important factor in the competitiveness of livestock farming, and therefore an important issue for professionals in this Saharan province. It should be noted that several steps have been launched during the last three years within the framework of the Green Morocco Plan, concerning notably the development of water points and the acquisition of flexible plastic tanks for watering the livestock, the creation of three milk collection centres, the organisation of exhibitions, the granting of subsidies to breeders and the completion of a study aimed at developing a technical and economic reference to improve production.