January 11, a date engraved in the hearts of Moroccans, symbolises the determination and courage of a people who, 81 years ago, dared to claim their independence. The Independence Manifesto not only marked a decisive turning point in the fight against colonialism, but also served as the foundation for a sovereign, democratic and united nation.
Today, the Moroccan people, united in their pride and admiration, commemorate a historical event of undeniable magnitude, the signing of the Independence Manifesto. This moment is part of a vast climate of national mobilisation, both intense and persistent. This day recalls with particular acuity the heroic struggles led by nationals to conquer their freedom and sovereignty, and to preserve the territorial integrity of the country, aspirations deeply rooted in the Moroccan collective memory.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Moroccans lived under a colonial regime that fragmented the country into zones of influence, establishing a French protectorate in the centre and a Spanish protectorate in the north and south, while the city of Tangier was subject to an international government. This divisive picture constituted a major challenge for the national liberation movement, requiring colossal efforts and immeasurable sacrifices both from the sovereigns and the people.
Popular uprisings and fierce struggles on the ground, particularly in the Middle Atlas as well as in the northern and southern regions, were coupled with clear political demands, such as opposition to the discriminatory colonial decree of 16 May 1930, as well as requests for urgent reforms issued in 1934 and 1936. This incessant struggle was led by the late Mohammed V, the father of the nation, who knew how to awaken the spirit of resistance among Moroccans and crystallise their aspirations since his accession to the throne in 1927.
The Anfa Conference, in January 1943, constituted a decisive turning point for Morocco. By raising the question of independence, the late Mohammed V not only denounced the injustice of the protectorate, but also recalled Morocco's commitment alongside the allies in the fight against Nazism. His call for independence found a favourable echo among the great powers, such as the United States, under the aegis of Franklin Roosevelt, who then recognised the legitimacy of the Moroccan quest.
The signing of the Independence Manifesto by 67 eminent figures of the resistance, including one woman, inscribed this act as a bold manifesto of emancipation. This document synthesised precise political demands, claiming, on the one hand, independence under the legitimacy of King Mohammed Ben Youssef, and on the other hand, an internal reform that aimed to establish an equitable political system, inspired by the values of Shura, guaranteeing the rights of all segments of the population.
This momentum of resistance, updated by the return of the late Mohammed V to Tangier in 1947, illustrates the growing strength of the national movement in the face of colonial authorities, inexorably leading to the exile of this iconic Sultan. The determination of the people intensified and resulted in his triumphant return and the proclamation of national independence in 1956.
The revival of this historical epic is not just a simple tribute to the past, it also symbolises the continuity of the sacred bond that unites Moroccans to their history, by testifying to the great sacrifice made to resist colonial occupation. This vivid memory is an invitation to all generations to perpetuate the spirit of struggle for freedom and to preserve the values of sovereignty and unity that recall the greatness of the fight led by their ancestors.
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